Authors: C. J. Reddy
Source: FERMAT, Volume 16, Communication 12, Jul.-Aug., 2016
Abstract: Long-term evolution (LTE) is one of the 4th generation (4G) mobile communication technologies that are developed at different frequencies, ranging from 400 MHz to 4 GHz with bandwidths up to 20 MHz. LTE standard allows multiple antennas on both ends of the wireless channel i.e. multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology to support high data rate 4G applications. Integrating multiple antenna elements is a key LTE standard, which currently supports a maximum of four antenna elements on mobile devices. MIMO technology exploits multiple antennas to increase channel capacity in both direct line-of-sight and multi-path scenarios. Although increasing the number of antenna elements theoretically increases channel capacity, research has shown that MIMO technology achieves optimal performance when multiple antenna elements operate as a reconfigurable two-element system due to strong mutual coupling (P. Manos, and V. C. Karaboikis, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 56, 2067 – 2078, 2008).
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Small Antenna Designs for LTE Mobile Devices